1.) Islam, B. Shareef, H. Mohamed, A. (2017, December 8) Improved approach for electric vehicle rapid charging station placement and sizing using Google maps and binary lightning search algorithm. PLOS ONE. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0189170
Week 6 Article PDF Jessie Sampson – Electric Charching Stations
2.) Abstract
The electric vehicle (EV) is considered a premium solution to global warming and various types of pollution. Nonetheless, a key concern is the recharging of EV batteries. Therefore, this study proposes a novel approach that considers the costs of transportation loss, buildup, and substation energy loss and that incorporates harmonic power loss into optimal rapid charging station (RCS) planning. A novel optimization technique, called binary lightning search algorithm (BLSA), is proposed to solve the optimization problem. BLSA is also applied to a conventional RCS planning method. A comprehensive analysis is conducted to assess the performance of the two RCS planning methods by using the IEEE 34-bus test system as the power grid. The comparative studies show that the proposed BLSA is better than other optimization techniques. The daily total cost in RCS planning of the proposed method, including harmonic power loss, decreases by 10% compared with that of the conventional method.
3.) Non-Experimental. The article did not say that a new experiment was completed, it took previous studies and information into consideration to make a concl
4.) The research was both qualitative and quantitative. It took into consideration both data such as RCS placement and sizing by considering Google Maps API, battery SOC, traffic density, and harmonic load flow (quantitative information) and case studies (qualitative information).
5.) The population studied is the entire group that you want to draw conclusions about so technically the electronic vehicles and their impacts on the environment, but I guess you could say the population is those who use electronic vehicles.
6.) A sample is a group of people, objects or items that are taken from a larger population for measurement and in this article the sample would be electronic vehicles.
7.) The Method of measurement for the quantitative data with was collected and analyzed was number of EV’s, costs (such as costs of stations, costs of charging, conductors, maintenance, etc.) were in dollar amounts, time was measured in hours and other measurements were rates and capacities measured in kWh. The cost data was ratio data, and the time, rates and capacities are nominal data.
8.) The method of analysis used in the study was descriptive analysis in studying reports and overviews of the information in the study and prescriptive analysis was used to evaluate the insight from previous analysis to come to their own conclusion. Tools used to analyze quantitative data include BLSA, which is a metaheuristic optimization algorithm that was first introduced by based on the mechanism of step leader propagation by using the concept of fast particles, also known as projectiles, constraints to evaluate and obtain the optimal number of RCSs. Organization charts and qualitative information on electronic vehicles, pollution and other impacts were analyzed through being studied and presented in the article.
9.) Conclusion:
This study suggests a novel approach for optimal RCS placement and sizing by considering Google Maps API, battery SOC, traffic density, and harmonic load flow. The optimization problem is formulated by relying on three cost functions (TEL, BU, and SEL) and is solved by utilizing the BLSA technique. The optimization technique is also applied by using the conventional objective function under the same road and power networks. The results of the proposed technique using the proposed and conventional objective functions are compared with the results of GA and BPSO. The outcomes of the proposed objective function are compared with the outcomes of the conventional objective function. The case study shows that the proposed optimization technique and the proposed objective function can be beneficial for EV users and RCS developers in determining optimal RCS placement and sizing with minimum total cost and without stressing the power grid.
10.) This study is useful to me because in the industry I work in we are looking at becoming competitive in building these electronic charging stations into the pavement so I wanted to learn more about this so that I can be more educated when putting together marketing reports on whether or not going into this market would be profitable for the company I work for.
11.) I think the next logical step would be to repeat the study in the next few years and we have more and more electronic cars on the roads. Today we have very few electronic cars but especially with the current government leadership this is an expectancy for much higher numbers of Electronic Vehicles in the near future.
Jessie,
As I work in the auto industry, I found your blog post very interesting. I personally bought a hybrid Fusion for the cost savings on fuel. However, I do not need a charging station since mine is a hybrid. Whenever I coast or brake, it charges the batteries. When I was only working remotely, I could go a whole month before filling up. Now that I work two weeks at the office, I fill up once a month. If I bought an all-electric vehicle. I think I would have a problem finding a charging station. So far, I have only seen them at Cracker Barrel and Whole Foods in the town next to mine, which is a 30-minute drive. There are none in my town. I have heard that Telsa is making an all-electric vehicle, where the top of the car is all solar panels to charge the batteries no matter where you are as long as you can get some sun.
You did a great job on the post, and my knowledge has increased because of it. Thank you.
This is an interesting article. I’ve been a car enthusiast since I was a kid. I’ve really enjoyed living through the infancy of a new technology. I really enjoyed reading about some of the technical challenges of bringing electric cars to the main stream.
I understand very little about the logistics of electric cars and charging stations, so this article review was excellent as it broke down the different parts of the study. Although this information is interesting, I think this is more of a research review in and of itself instead of an actual research study that looks at their own information rather than the information produced by previous studies.
It is interesting how this study ties into your work and how being knowledgeable about this topic can help lead the company you work for in the right direction. This study and more studies alike could even be referenced in marketing reports or in proposals to suggest a new step for the company. Research on any topic is crucial to proving or disproving a point, and without it, a company is flying blind.
I appreciate your detailed review of the conclusion; however, the meaning can get lost with all the terminology. Maybe a simplified sentence or two would help create a more precise outcome of the study. Overall I was fascinated by your review, and you did a very good job!
I have debated with myself whether I am actually sold on electric vehicles or not. Maybe in the future I will get one, but for now, I don’t think they are quite there yet. Charging stations, for example, would be an issue for me since I live in a small Kansas town surrounded by other small towns. The closest charging station to my hometown is an hour away.
Your article review did help me understand more about electric vehicles. This article and review will definitely help me in my decision of electric vehicles in the future. Your explanation of different terminology that I am unfamiliar with was great. Overall a great review, much appreciated!