Provide the citation and attach a pdf of the article (10 pts) Pro Tip: You can use ZotZero, but check the output against the APA Style online guidelines. 

Chul Woo Yoo, Jahyun Goo, & Rao, H. R. (2020). Is Cybersecurity a Team Sport? A Multilevel Examination of Workgroup Information Security Effectiveness. MIS Quarterly, 44(2), 907–931. https://doi-org.ezproxy.fhsu.edu/10.25300/MISQ/2020/15477

I Cybersecurity a Team Sport?

What is the abstract of the article?  (10 pts)  Tips: This is usually a 200 word or less article summary. The abstract is your only cut and paste answer.

IS CYBERSECURITY A TEAM SPORT?

By assessing the information security (ISec) effectiveness, Organizations can sustain an anticipated level of cybersecurity. Independent variables of a survey were collected from 68 branch offices, with 536 employees of a law enforcement agency in South Korea. WISE is the dependent variable in this paper. Workgroup information security effectiveness (WISE) is a serious measure of ISec effectiveness at organizations surrounding ten comprehensive areas of ISec. The recent study seeks to address two research questions: (1) How do the workgroup usefulness and security knowledge match up between individual self-usefulness and workgroup information security effectiveness? (2) At the group level, how does security knowledge match up to workgroup collective effectiveness? The results tell the information security effectiveness (ISec) of the multi-level nature of WISE. That a groups mechanism encouragingly facilitates the relationship between individual self-usefulness and WISE. The results back the view that group mechanisms are vital in ISec management. They need to be measured together with the individual-level analysis in the search of workgroup ISec performance. Thus, having appropriate knowledge is critical for qualifying ISec risks and managing overall organizational (ISec) effectiveness. A multi-level method opens up a new avenue of research that evaluates and predicts ISec effectiveness as a workgroup. This survey has provided practical evidence of a significant and positive role in increasing WISE. It takes a whole team to achieve a strong cybersecurity program.

Was the study experimental or non-experimental? Explain, tell us what made that clear.  (10 pts)

Cybersecurity is a team sport is a non-experimental research because it takes place in a real-life setting. The study was collected from 68 branch offices with 536 employees in total. It is not possible for the researcher to control all possible variables The years of tenure and the size of the workgroups varied.

Was the research qualitative or quantitative? Again, explain. (10 pts)

The non-experimental research survey involved collecting quantitative data and doing statistical analysis, therefore it is quantitative. The multilevel structural equation model (MSEM) along with direct consensus to address the known statistical issues. The hypothesis testing involved the dependent variable viewed as the group level and the independent variables as the direct consensus viewpoint of the individual respondents.

What was the population studied? Why do you say that? (5 pts)

The population studied is from a large sample of 68 branch offices, with 536 employees of law enforcement. They were analyzed within the South Korean population using reliable and consistent procedures.

What was the method of measurement? (10 pts)

1. • If the research was quantitative, was the measurement scale used, Nominal, Ordinal, Interval, or Ratio?
   • The research is Interval because it offers labels, order, as well as, a specific interval between each of its variable options.
   • If the research was qualitative, what data was collected? What was the method of analysis? (10 pts)
   • The research was quantitative and the data collected was the number of years at work, gender, their education level. The method of analysis was through a survey of geographically dispersed workgroups.
   • If the research was quantitative, what statistical tools were used to analyze the data?
   • The statistical tools used to analyze the data were conducted using
     exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with varimax rotation and
     confirmatory factor (CFA) analysis.
   • If the research was qualitative, in what manner was the data analyzed? NA
   • What was the conclusion of the study? (10 pts)
   • This survey has provided practical evidence of a significant and positive role in increasing Workgroup information security effectiveness. It takes a whole team to achieve a strong cybersecurity program.
   •  Why is this study useful to you? Explain in detail. (10 pts)
   • This study is useful to me because it shows that no matter your age or years with an organization working as a team improves cybersecurity defense. The importance of teamwork within an organization showed how group mechanisms and the individual factor play across different levels for achieving the information security effectiveness (ISec) performance of the workgroup.
   • What would be the next logical step in extending this study? (10 pts)
   • The next logical step in extending this study could be adding a group of brand new employees to the organization. Then surveying them with the same questions as one workgroup. Then using the cross-level model to measure the effectiveness of the multilevel theory.