Hypothesis: With the exponential growth of innovation of intrusive and ubiquitous technologies in the health care field the benefits of implementing them outperform prior methods of health monitoring and outweigh the potential drawbacks of the technology.

Proposal Outline:

Introduction

• New Innovations in health monitoring
  • Dinh-Le, C., Chuang, R., Chokshi, S., & Mann, D. (2019). Wearable Health Technology and Electronic Health Record Integration: Scoping Review and Future Directions
  • Pevnick, J. M., Birkeland, K., Zimmer, R., Elad, Y., & Kedan, I. (2018). Wearable technology for cardiology: An update and framework for the future.
• Integration of intrusive technology in health & medicine
  • Griebel, L., Prokosch, H. U., Köpcke, F., Toddenroth, D., Christoph, J., Leb, I., Engel, I., & Sedlmayr, M. (2015). A scoping review of cloud computing in healthcare.
• Technology Effectiveness
  • Voicu, R. A., Dobre, C., Bajenaru, L., & Ciobanu, R. I. (2019). Human Physical Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors
  • Tsou, C., Robinson, S., Boyd, J., Jamieson, A., Blakeman, R., Yeung, J., McDonnell, J., Waters, S., Bosich, K., & Hendrie, D. (2021). Effectiveness of Telehealth in Rural and Remote Emergency Departments: Systematic Review
• Drawbacks & Concerns
  •  Lund, B. (2022). Policy Before Technology: Don’t Outkick the Coverage.
  • Banerjee, S. (Sy), Hemphill, T., & Longstreet, P. (2018). Wearable devices and healthcare: Data sharing and privacy.
  • Scott Kruse, C., Karem, P., Shifflett, K., Vegi, L., Ravi, K., & Brooks, M. (2018). Evaluating barriers to adopting telemedicine worldwide: A systematic review
• Research hypothesis

Effectiveness of Intrusive Technology in Healthcare (Literature Review)

• It saves lives
  • Eastbrook, D. (2022). Remote patient monitoring, telehealth saved lives
• Improves the care that can be administered
  • Voicu, R. A., Dobre, C., Bajenaru, L., & Ciobanu, R. I. (2019). Human Physical Activity Recognition Using Smartphone Sensors
• Allows patients to live more free lives
  • Doraiswamy, S., Abraham, A., Mamtani, R., & Cheema, S. (2020). Use of Telehealth During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

Methodology

• 2 long-term care patient groups (equal-sized and equal health conditions as it permits)
• 1 group is asked to wear technologies that will track basic health functions, monitor movement, sleep, and other daily activities
• Pre-screen both groups, and survey them on their opinions on the matter
• The group with the wearables is monitored with a more hands-off approach, only intervening when the technology detects an abnormality; the other group is monitored exactly as they were before
• Review the results of the two methods of health monitoring & survey the groups again to see if their opinion has changed given the findings.

Discussion

• Potential for future studies
  • Different types of participants
  • Different areas of the country/world
  • Larger samples
• Weaknesses of study/potential issues: prior bias about intrusive technologies
• Strength: the two methods should be directly comparable apart from variance in opinion about the technology from the participants
• The applicability and use of intrusive and ubiquitous technologies in health care are vast and impending.